Essay on Ramifications of the Juvenile Justice Waiver

Social workers in the court room play an major role in helping to decide whether or not a child should be charged as an adult for committing a crime while a minor. A minor being sent to juvenile court does not necessarily mean that the minor will be tried as an juvenile. It is also the responsibility of the court to determine if the minor should stay in juvenile court of be moved into adult criminal court. A social work assigned to the minor as well as the defense attorney, prosecutor, and judge will argue in court to decide the minors fate. This social policy that is used in the court system is known as the Juvenile Justice Waiver. The Juvenile Justice Waiver is the practice of transferring jurisdiction over a juvenile from juvenile or†¦show more content†¦In some states there are similarity to this historical â€Å"Common Law Principle of Responsibility†. As to be expected, states have different laws regarding matters of juveniles. Many states vary when determining whether or not a children should be tried as an adult or what the minimum or maximum ages courts must follow or what crimes they are allowed try are. Taking Illinois for example, the set age required by law for a children to be transferred into adult court is seventeen. However, in Illinois there is a major exception to this rule. State law changes the minimum age to fifteen when crimes of murder of the first degree, aggravated sexual assault, armed robbery, robbery with possession of a firearm, and use of weapons on school grounds are committed (Carp, Stidham, and Manning, 67). Illinois considers these offenses the most serious. Another type of waiver that can take place is a waiver into teen court. 300 different jurisdictions are experimenting with this idea. Teen court is a helpful alternative to juvenile court. This court also helps keeps the labeling stigma of convict off of a juvenile offender. These courts typically handle juvenile offenders between the ages of ten and fifte en who are being charges with minor violations such as disorderly conduct, shoplifting, and other types of criminal mischief. Most of these juvenile offenders have no prior arrest record and have never done anything wrong before in their lives. These juvenilesShow MoreRelatedJuveniles in the News Report 1220 Words   |  5 Pagesface that he has every day, which was the freakiest part, He wasnt saying anything. He didnt have any anger on his face. It was just a blank expression. (AP, 2014). Hribal’s attorney has expressed that he doesn’t think Hribal is aware of the ramifications that have and will occur as a result of his actions. ...We have to make sure that he understands the nature of the charges and whats going on here. Its important that he be examined by a psychiatrist and determined where he is mentally. (CarterRead MoreJuveniles in the Criminal Justice System4671 Words   |  19 PagesShould Juvenile Offenders Be Tried As Adults? A Developmental Perspective on Changing Legal Policies Laurence Steinberg Temple University and The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Adolescent Development and Juvenile Justice Paper presented as a part of a Congressional Research Briefing entitled â€Å"Juvenile Crime: Causes and Consequences,† Washington, January 19, 2000. Address correspondence to the author at the Department of Psychology, Temple University, PhiladelphiaRead More Children Tried as Adults Essay2241 Words   |  9 Pagesis eligible to go to an adult court or prison if proven guilty for an unpardonable crime. An example of this is in Alabama, where two males at age fourteen are currently spending life in prison for a murder, but to the non-profit group, the Equal Justice Initiative of Alabama it is cruel and unusual punishment and violates their human rights. The Supreme Court will soon decide their fate (MSNBC.com). Usually, it is those who are sixteen or seventeen that are tried as an adult because they have more

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder - 1020 Words

Bipolar disorder, formally known as ‘manic depression’, is known for its extreme mood swings; these can last anything from weeks to months and are far more extreme than moods most people would experience. Mood swings include episodes of highs and lows; these are known as mania and depressive episodes. Bipolar is a disorder that affects men and woman equally and affects around 1 in 100 adults. Symptoms usually start during or after adolescents and rarely start after the age of 40 (Royal College of Psychiatrists n.d.). Symptoms during a depressive episode may include: feeling of guilt, feeling emotionally empty, feeling hopeless and worthless, difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much, loss of interest in everyday activities, being delusional or illogical thinking, little or no appetite and suicidal thoughts (Mind n.d.). Symptoms of a manic episode may include: feeling excessively ‘high’, extreme irritability, fast talking, lack of concentration, feeling energetic, racing thoughts, increased sexual drive, aggressive behaviour, drug or alcohol misuse, inappropriate and excessive spending (Mind n.d.). Episodes of depression or mania can vary; a person may experience episodes of mania more regularly than depression, or vice versa. Periods of ‘normal’ mood is often seen between episodes. The pattern is not always the same between mania and depression. Some people may experience a rapid cycle; a person suffering from bipolar does not experience ‘normal’ moods andShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder706 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that is characterized by changes in mood. It can lead to risky behavior, damage relationships and careers, and even suicidal outcomes if it’s not treated. Bipolar disorder is more common in older teenagers and young adults, it can affect children as young as 6. Women experience more periods of depression than men. More remains to be learned about this condition that affects millions of people. Aretaeus of Cappadocia began the process of detailingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1454 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the greatly investigated neurological disorders is Bipolar Disorder. Regrettably, due to social stigma, funding issues, and a lack of education, many who are dealing with this disorder do not receive adequate treatment. Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, it is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and the ability to carry out normal daily tasks. Symptoms of the disorder are severe and diverse from the normal ups and downs that everyone goesRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1486 Words   |  6 Pagespeople may think that having bipolar disorder means that anyone with the disorder are just simply put, â€Å"crazy†, I was one of those people but the meanings of those two things couldn’t possibly be any more different. Bipolar disorder is defined as â€Å"A disorder ass ociated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.†(google.com) â€Å"Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness with recurring episodes of mania and depression†(nami.org). â€Å"The term â€Å"bipolar† — which means â€Å"two poles† signifyingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1648 Words   |  7 PagesBisecting Bipolar Disorder Introduction and Background Overview 3.9% of adults in the United States are suffering from bipolar disorder as of 2014 according to the National Institute of Mental Health (Jann, 2014). Although rare, it is still a prevalent disease in the realm of mental health and requires special attention from healthcare providers. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition described by repeated manic or depressive episodes. Furthermore, due to the extreme mood swings and emotionalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages1 HelenKeller541 Physiology October 26, 2016 Abstract: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder; also referred to as manic depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V, 2013). Bipolar disorder is a depressive disorder with manic episodes, it is placed between the chapters on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders in recognition of their place as a bridge between the two diagnostics in terms of symptomology, family historyRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder is simply defined as a manic depressive illness, which affects a persons mood and energy. However, the way it affects a person’s mood is dramatic and severe. These are severe moods are called episodes of mania and depression, which means a person who suffers from bipolar disorder might be extremely excited and happy one day, and extremely depressed the next day. In some cases, depressive or manic episodes last weeks, and in some cases these episodes last days. People who suffer fromRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1493 Words   |  6 PagesRorman Ms. Chrisman English 10 30 November 2016 Bipolar Disorder If people don’t get enough sleep and miss a meeting, they are just upset, but for people with bipolar disorder, it can trigger another episode to their week. Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder that can cause shifts in people s mood that are more unusual. Signs and symptoms can be different depending on if the person has manic or depressive episodes. A person with the disorder can also give their family and friends struggles, asideRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorders, also known as manic depression, are mental disorders characterized by shifting moods between depression and mania (Bressert, 2016). Those with a bipolar disorder, have extreme emotional states called mood periods. In the United States, more than 10 million people have bipolar disorder (Kennedy, 2015). It is lifelong, but can be treated. Although it can easily be treated, once patients choose to stop taking their medication their symptoms worsen. Around 15 percentRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1390 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch of bipolar disorder will not only describe in detail the symptoms and affects of this mood disorder, but it will also include the advantages, disadvantages of the treatment and medications, and the major role that medications take. Bipolar disorder involves periods of elevated or irritable mood (mania), alternating with episodes of depression (Moore and Jefferson, 2004). The â€Å"mood swings† of mania and depre ssion are very sudden and can happen at anytime any place. Bipolar disorder is categorizedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1285 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder This paper will contain information on what bipolar disorder in early and late adolescence is, causes and symptoms, medical along with therapeutic interventions and how important it really is to get treatment. Bipolar disorder is a disease that affects approximately 2.6% Americans in the United States in a given year. There is limited data on the rate of bipolar in adolescents, although, it does tend to affect older teens more often and may be related to substance abuse. A lot

Development Interpretation and Application †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Development Interpretation and Application. Answer: Introduction: The issue that is being discussed by the authors in this article is that the enrolled nurse handed over medication to the patient without consulting the medical officer. In this case, the nurse did not use proper critical thinking skills to analyze the situation in an effective manner while working in an Emergency department. She gave the medications to the patient without taking permission from the medical officer. She must have followed safe and appropriate medication practice. This is against the nursing ethics and legal principles of nursing as the medication might have led to serious health issues and ultimately death of the patient (Cherry and Jacob 2016). She must have communicated in an effective manner with the medical officer while handing over the antibiotics to the patient. Nurses are considered as unregulated staffs who work under the guidance of the doctors and the clinicians. They play a significant role in providing quality care to the patients .The enrolled nurse sho uld have taken permission from the doctor to meet the patient instead of discussing verbally with him. She must have taken the order of the medication from the supervising physician in written before giving it to the patient. The medication order should be documented in a proper manner and should have all the details of the client including the date of visit, name of the medicine, dosage, frequency of administration. It must have also contained the name and the signature of the prescriber. Nurse breached the ethical principles of nursing as she made a false entry in the record (Cherry and Jacob 2016). The two main reasons cited in this issue are that this act of the enrolled nurse must have lead to serious health effects in the patient. She must have taken the advice of the medical officer before prescribing the pack of antibiotics to the patient. The nurse acted in her scope of practice because the patient was not ready to wait for a longer time to consult the doctor and it was an emergency situation (Raingruber 2016). She also made enquiries about the allergies that the patient was suffering from and the response of certain drugs. The enrolled nurse ten consulted the doctor verbally as the department was very busy during that time. This situation can be considered acceptable because if there was a delay in the treatment, it must have lead to adverse health conditions in the patient. Verbal communication in this case is considered as a means of miscommunication because a written piece of information is considered as more effective in nursing practice. The nurse failed to apply contemporary nursing practice because she did not meet the ethical obligations of nursing and provided medications to the patient without the approval of the patient. She must have behaved in a professional manner and should have given the prescription of medications in written. She should have worked in accordance to standards of nursing practice that are being accepted and must not have made a wrong entry (Alligood 2013). The three significant conduct statements from the Code of Professional Conduct for nurses that were breached in this situation are that the nurse did not practice in a safe and competent manner. The enrolled nurse did not work according to the standards of the nursing profession. The nurse did not promote the trust in the patient by not providing a written medication prescription. She did not behave in a professional manner and performed a unlawful and unethical practice (Kangasniemi, Pakkanen and Korhonen 2015). The nurse should have followed the principles of the code of professional conduct to build confidence and trust in the patient. The three significant value statements from the Code of Ethics for nurses that were breached and/or not followed in this situation are that the enrolled nurse did not provide accurate and proper information related to the health issue of the patient. She did not advocate social justice and equity in allocating the medicaments. She did not demonstrate respect, trust, integrity and compassion towards her patient (Grace 2017). The enrolled nurse compromised the quality of care being provided to the patient in the emergency department. She did not implement appropriate standard of nursing practice and clinical knowledge. The nurses must adhere to Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (South Australia) Act 2010 to provide quality care and an excellent patient experience to their patient (Gadbois et al. 2015). The aim of this law is establishing a national registration and authorization scheme for: The regulatory act of health care practitioners The students registration those who are undertaking the study programs which provide the qualification that can help the students to get registration in the profession of health. To provide clinical trainings in a health profession. The objectives of this scheme are Providing protection to the public by making sure that only the health professionals those are trained and qualified enough for practicing in an ethical manner. Facilitating the workforce movement across Australia by reducing the burden of the health practitioner. By providing the facility of high quality education of health care workers. To provide the facility to access the services that is provided by the health care professionals to the public. To provide the facility for the rigorous and responsive assessments of the trained professionals. An accreditation committee. A key professional or legal standard that was contravened is that the nurse did not follow her roles and responsibilities to provide safe nursing practice to the patient. The enrolled nurse did not consult the medical officer about giving medicines to the patient. She just consulted the patient about any side-effects and adverse response to drugs and provided antibiotic without any written prescription. She must adhere to the values of the nursing profession and provide personalized care to the patient. She should have explained the frequency of the antibiotic given to the patient to prevent any serious health issues. She must have acted pro actively to prevent the health issues and the symptoms faced by the patient. The nursing staff should communicate in an effective manner and provide proper information and knowledge about the disease and the medication given to the patient. The nursing staff and health care professionals should provide a healthy environment and follow proper stra tegies to improve the management of disease in the patients. They should work on different barriers such as a lack of time, pressure of work and lack of adequate clinical knowledge which would help in providing quality health care services to the patients. It is important to educate the patient to improve the condition of health care services and this case must have been handled tactfully. The nursing staff and other health care professionals must be well aware of the roles and responsibilities Furrow, B., Greaney, T., Johnson, S., Jost, T. and Schwartz, R., 2014. Health law. West Academic.. The three types of professional development and review that should be undertaken by this nurse in order to prevent incidents in the future are that the nurse should have worked in a collaborative manner with the medical officer. This would have played a crucial role in managing the health disease and symptoms of the patient and the medicines prescribed to him. A proper mode of communication is required in such cases to improve the experience and the trust among the patients (Woods, Cashin and Stockhausen 2016). The nurse must have advised several preventive measures to be taken related to the health disease such as having a well balanced diet, exercise and intake of plenty of fluids such as water and juices. The nurse must have complete knowledge about the impacts of the decisions that have been taken by them. They should be properly trained and take immediate actions when an emergency condition occurs as it would help in preventing serious health issues in the patient and would prevent death as well. The nurse should have provided proper counseling session to the patient in this case who visited the emergency department. It would have played a crucial role in improving the mental or psychosocial health of the patient (Woods, Cashin and Stockhausen 2016). The two professional issues that reflect the seriousness of the situation in this case are prescription of antibiotic to the patient without consulting the medical officer. The second issue is that the medicine should be given along with prescription containing the name of the patient and the drug prescribed. The three benefits of the nursing practice as a nursing student are improvement in the knowledge of adhering to the principles of nursing practice in an ethical manner. The patients should be communicated effectively about the health issues and the treatment prescribed to them (Zahedi et al.2013). It is important to deal an emergency situation effectively to improve the health condition and experience of the patient. The nursing code of ethics and professional values should be incorporated in an efficient manner. The nurses should not prescribe any medicaments to the patients without taking any written approval from the patient. This would help in promoting the safety of the patient and improve his health and well being. The nursing staff should make sure that their decisions of health practices are executed in a proper manner. They should also ensure that all the measures and the strategies taken are well planned before implementing to deliver proper health care services to all the patients (Zahedi et al.2013). There are several benefits of this critical thinking case scenario such as it helped me to learn the roles and the responsibilities of the nurses in their profession. It helps me to understand that the main objective of the nursing practice is to provide personalized care to the patients who have visited the hospital for the treatment. Several measures and strategies should be taken in order to promote flexible health care services to the patients (Fowler 2015). The symptoms of the patient should be analyzed in a proper manner to avoid any adverse ill effects. The patients should be provided proper self management support from the nurses, clinicians and other health care professional. I also learned the importance of time management to handle emergency situations effectively. References Cherry, B. and Jacob, S.R., 2016. Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Raingruber, B., 2016. Contemporary health promotion in nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Alligood, M.R., 2013. Nursing Theory-E-Book: Utilization Application. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kangasniemi, M., Pakkanen, P. and Korhonen, A., 2015. Professional ethics in nursing: an integrative review. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(8), pp.1744-1757. Grace, P.J., 2017. Nursing ethics and professional responsibility in advanced practice. Jones Bartlett Learning. Zahedi, F., Sanjari, M., Aala, M., Peymani, M., Aramesh, K., Parsapour, A., Maddah, S.B., Cheraghi, M.A., Mirzabeigi, G.H., Larijani, B. and Dastgerdi, M.V., 2013. The code of ethics for nurses. Iranian journal of public health, 42(Supple1), p.1. Fowler, M.D.M., 2015. Guide to the code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements: Development, interpretation, and application. American Nurses Association. Gadbois, E.A., Miller, E.A., Tyler, D. and Intrator, O., 2015. Trends in state regulation of nurse practitioners and physician assistants, 2001 to 2010. Medical Care Research and Review, 72(2), pp.200-219. Furrow, B., Greaney, T., Johnson, S., Jost, T. and Schwartz, R., 2014. Health law. West Academic. Woods, A., Cashin, A. and Stockhausen, L., 2016. Communities of practice and the construction of the professional identities of nurse educators: A review of the literature. Nurse education today, 37, pp.164-169.

Running Head WATER QUALITY AND WASTEWATER MANAGEM Essays - Water

Running Head: WATER QUALITY AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT TUI UNIVERSITY Timothy N. Tarrant Module 3: BHE 314 Environmental Health and Safety Dr. Rania Sabty-Daily 14 August 2008 Abstract The purpose of this case study is to compare and contrast the secondary water treatment method to the tertiary water treatment (also known as advanced or final water treatment) method, in the context of the wastewater treatment process and to discuss the appropriate uses of reclaimed water. In addition, I will explain whether I would recommend secondary treatment or tertiary treatment for the groundwater recharge, if it were to be used for drinking purposes. Reclaimed water is wastewater that is treated. Wastewater includes domestic sewage and industrial waste. It is treated to remove harmful or unwanted items in an effort to improve the quality of the wastewater. It is accomplished for a variety of reasons and has a multitude of uses. For example, it is done to keep nature from becoming polluted, to conserve needed potable water for human consumption, power generation, irrigation, fire protection, and even for the conservation of marine life. The treatment process will reduce the amount of suspended solids, biodegradable organics (BODs), pathogenic bacteria, and nutrients. The treatment process involves three stages that can be used individually or in conjunction with one another for a cleaner water end product. The stages are: primary or physical, secondary or biological, and tertiary or chemical. During the physical treatment the removal of large floating solid materials from raw sewage occurs. This primary process is often referred to as "mechanical treatment" because it uses screens and traps, along with gravity, to remove up to 60% of solid materials. In addition, it also is able to remove up to 30% of the BOD of the wastewater. The secondary and tertiary treatment processes have both gone through primary treatment. The main difference between the two is that secondary treatment is designed for the removal of biodegradable organic matter and the removal of additional suspended solids and the tertiary treatment involves chemical disinfection. The activated sludge treatment process is the secondary process that is most often used because of its versatility and relative low cost. The tertiary treatment process removes suspended, colloidal, and dissolves any remaining constituents after secondary treatment. The tertiary treatment is able to remove more than 99% of all impurities from sewage. This produces a water quality that almost meets the standards to drink. In an article from the World Health Organization website, it was discussed that groundwater recharge might be used in the future as a potable source. The article goes on to say, " Inasmuch as recharged groundwater may be an eventual source of potable water supply, groundwater recharge with recycled municipal wastewater may often involve treatment beyond the conventional secondary wastewater treatment level. In the past, several apparently successful groundwater recharge projects were developed and operated using primary and secondary effluents in spreading basins. However, because of the increasing concerns about protozoan cysts, enteric viruses, and trace organics in drinking-water, groundwater recharge with recycled wastewater in industrialized countries now generally entails further treatment after conventional secondary treatment. For example, surface spreading operations practiced in the USA to reclaim wastewater commonly include primary and secondary wastewater treatment, tertiary granular-medium filtration and, finally, chlorine disinfection." It is with this in mind that I would choose to use the tertiary treatment process vs. secondary for groundwater recharge if it were to be used by the public for drinking. Drinking water is a precious commodity with limited resource. Reclaimed water is being viewed as a valuable resource for the agricultural, industrial and municipal because it is readily available. In an effort to manage our drinking water supplies, we must turn to ideas like reclaimed water to provide a reliable source of water for non-potable uses. In 2006 the Southwest Florida Water Management District has used reclaimed water to power six local power plants, irrigate 9,000 acres of crops, irrigate 83,000 residential areas, and irrigate over 160 area golf courses. (SW Florida, 2008) Clearwater Florida is an excellent example of using water reclamation to benefit their society. In an article called "My Clearwater/Reclaimed", it says, "The use of reclaimed water (RCW) helps us preserve high quality drinking water, by providing a reliable and economical alternative source of irrigation water. It is in coastal areas like ours that ground water supplies are most limited. The use of reclaimed water for irrigation helps us manage our drinking water supplies and costs because we postpone the day when we'll have to acquire new drinking water supplies. Drinking water is a precious, limited resource, while